Which document serves as a basis for measuring actual project performance against planned performance?

The baseline is a fundamental document in project management that establishes a reference point for measuring actual project performance against planned performance. It typically encompasses three key dimensions: scope, schedule, and cost. By setting clear parameters for these areas at the outset of a project, the baseline allows project managers and stakeholders to effectively track progress, identify variances, and make informed decisions throughout the project lifecycle.

When project performance is monitored, the actual results can be compared directly to the baseline. This comparison helps in assessing whether the project is on track, behind schedule, or over budget, enabling timely corrective actions when necessary. The baseline essentially provides a standard for what was originally planned, facilitating adjustments and revisions as required.

In contrast, the project charter is primarily focused on authorizing the project and outlining its high-level objectives and stakeholders. The risk management plan identifies potential risks and outlines strategies for their mitigation, but it does not serve as a performance measurement tool. Similarly, the scope statement details the project's deliverables and boundaries but does not provide the quantitative measures needed for performance evaluation. Thus, the baseline stands out as the critical document for performance measurement in project management.